Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most commonly tested topics across pharmacy board exams. Whether you’re preparing for the NAPLEX, BCPS, BCACP, or another certification exam, mastering rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, and key clinical decision...
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that has a narrow therapeutic window. Because of this, we typically monitor digoxin levels. If levels get too high, we can run into adverse effects. In some cases, particularly geriatric patients, those adverse can be misinterpreted as...
Thiazide diuretics are commonly prescribed medications used to treat hypertension, edema, heart failure, and ascites. They work by removing excess salt and water from the body through the urine. This ultimately helps to reduce fluid retention and decrease blood...
The kidney plays many vital roles in the body. One of those roles is to eliminate medications and their metabolites. When the kidney is not functioning well, drugs are eliminated from the body at a slower rate and can accumulate. Those higher drug concentrations can...
Digoxin is one of those medications that has a lot of unique clinical quirks. Here are a few clinical pearls you must remember when using digoxin in CHF. When using digoxin in CHF (more specifically (HFrEF) you must remember to check electrolytes. Alterations in...
