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Pulmonary toxicology involves the airways, lung parenchyma, mediastinum, pleura, pulmonary vasculature, and the neuromuscular system based on the route of exposure to the offending agent and the dose and duration of exposure. Acute pulmonary reactions are commonly manifested by fever, chills, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, pulmonary infiltration with consolidation or pleural effusion on x-ray, and […]
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Recently, the International Society of Hypertension released its 2020 blood pressure guidelines. Their guidelines do vary a little bit from the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines that were put out a few years ago. Here are a few of the important highlights from the ISH 2020 blood pressure guidelines. Blood Pressure Classification Classification of hypertension based on […]
Read MoreI often find patients on numerous bedtime cocktails and this is often a situation where medications were slowly added over time for recurring symptoms of the same syndrome. A 79-year-old female at a long term care facility has had a long history of having aches and pains in her legs. About 6 months ago, these […]
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On a previous post, I discussed some issues surrounding digoxin use in CHF. In this post, I wanted to cover strategies for managing an out of range digoxin level. Digoxin is a drug that we can and do often assess drug levels. In clinical practice, checking levels for digoxin is a little controversial. Some clinicians […]
Read MoreI received a question about codeine and what to expect from its use. When I was first learning pharmacy back in the late 2000s, I saw a lot of codeine. Most frequently, I remember significant use of Tylenol #3. Thankfully, I don’t see it used very often anymore. Why do I say “thankfully”? Codeine kinetics […]
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