Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used in managing hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic nephropathy. While these agents share a common mechanism—blocking the angiotensin II type 1 (AT₁) receptor—not all ARBs are...
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that has a narrow therapeutic window. Because of this, we typically monitor digoxin levels. If levels get too high, we can run into adverse effects. In some cases, particularly geriatric patients, those adverse can be misinterpreted as...
Thiazide diuretics are commonly prescribed medications used to treat hypertension, edema, heart failure, and ascites. They work by removing excess salt and water from the body through the urine. This ultimately helps to reduce fluid retention and decrease blood...
Diltiazem and verapamil are two non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (non-DHP CCBs) most commonly used in managing certain cardiac conditions. Even though they fall into the same medication class, these medications have important pharmacological differences...
This video is part of a three-part series covering new literature that could influenceclinical practice. In this video, I discuss the combined usage of antiplatelets with DOACsin patients with ASCVD risk and atrial fibrillation. Each mechanism of action is reviewed,as...
This video is part of a three-part series covering new literature that could influence clinical practice. In this video, I discuss whether beta-blocker use post-MI is beneficial for patients with HFpEF. Background about the mechanism of action and typical place in...
