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Pulmonary toxicology involves the airways, lung parenchyma, mediastinum, pleura, pulmonary vasculature, and the neuromuscular system based on the route of exposure to the offending agent and the dose and duration of exposure. Acute pulmonary reactions are commonly manifested by fever, chills, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, pulmonary infiltration with consolidation or pleural effusion on x-ray, and […]
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The administration procedure for inhalation therapy with nebulizers can be very lengthy and time-consuming. Because of this, many providers, pharmacists, nurses, and respiratory therapists could benefit from knowing which aerosolized medications may be combined to shorten this process. Patients also often ask, “Can I Mix Nebulized Medications”? There tends to be limited data and resources […]
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Both salmeterol and formoterol are considered long-acting beta-agonists. These agents have been commonly used in the setting of asthma and COPD. Each of these agents is most commonly combined with an inhaled corticosteroid. Budesonide is coupled with formoterol in the brand name product Symbicort. Salmeterol is most commonly coupled with fluticasone in the brand name […]
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The albuterol beta-blocker interaction is real and is significant. But how significant is it? What questions should you ask yourself? Which Beta-Blocker We Talkin’ Bout? The very first question I would assess is which beta-blocker are we talking about as not all beta-blockers are created equally! It is critical to remember that non-selective beta-blockers will […]
Read More63 year old female with a history of severe COPD. She is a smoker and is currently taking the following medications: ipratropium/albuterol as needed, Symbicort (budesonide and formoterol) 160/4.5 two inhalations twice daily and Spiriva inhalation once daily. Respiratory symptoms are fairly well managed She presents to the clinic with poor appetite, cough, throat pain, […]
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